Cancer FAQ

 

In what ways do cancers vary from one another?

There are more than 200 different kinds of cancer, which is much too many to cover in this introductory essay. The National Cancer Institute, on the other hand, offers many broad classifications (see list in first section of this article). Mentioned below is an extended version of this list, which includes more particular kinds of cancers seen in each broad group. This list is not exhaustive; tumours listed in quotation marks are the generic names of certain cancers.

Adenomas, melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, and papillomas are examples of cancers that begin in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Skin cancers include "lung cancer," "colorectal cancer," "pancreatic cancer," "ovarian cancer," and "colorectal cancers."

Sarcoma: Cancer that originates in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supporting tissue — "bone, soft tissue cancers," osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, rhabdosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma

Leukemia: Cancer that begins in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes huge numbers of abnormal blood cells to be generated and enter the circulation — "leukaemia," lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL and CLL), myelogenous leukemias (AML and CML), T-cell leukaemia, and hairy-cell leukaemia

Lymphoma and myeloma: Cancers that originate in the cells of the immune system — "lymphoma," T-cell lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and lymphoproliferative lymphomas

Oncologic malignancies of the central nervous system include tumours that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord, such as gliomas and meningiomas, as well as vestibular schwannomas, primary CNS lymphomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Gliomas are the most common type of brain and spinal cord tumor.

Because metastatic cancer cells usually arise from one of the cell types listed above, they are not included in the above list. The major difference between metastatic cancer cells and the cells listed above is that they are now present in a tissue from which the cancer cells did not initially develop, as opposed to the cells listed above. As a result, when the words "metastatic cancer" are used, the tissue from where the cancer cells originated should be mentioned in order to ensure accuracy. If a patient says they have or are diagnosed with "metastatic cancer" the more correct term is "metastatic (breast, lung, colon, or other type) cancer with spread to the organ in which it has been found." As an additional example, consider the following: When describing a man whose prostate cancer has gone to his bones, a doctor should use the phrase "metastatic prostate cancer to bone." This is more accurate. This is not the same as "bone cancer," which would be cancer that began in the cells of the bone. Metastatic prostate cancer to bone is handled differently from lung cancer to bone.

What experts treat cancer?

A doctor who specialises in the treatment of cancer is termed an oncologist. He or she may be a surgeon, a specialist in radiation treatment, or a medical oncologist. The first utilises surgery to treat the cancer; the second, radiation therapy; the third, chemotherapy and associated therapies. Each member of the team may confer with the others in order to create a treatment strategy for the specific patient.

In addition, depending on where the cancer is situated, other experts may be called in to assist. Ob-gyn specialists, for example, may be engaged in the treatment of uterine cancer, whereas an immunologist may be involved in the treatment of malignancies that arise in the immune system. Your primary care physician and primary oncologist will assist you in determining which experts will be the most beneficial to you as part of your cancer treatment team.

What criteria do doctors use to define the stage of cancer?

There are a variety of various cancer staging techniques available, and the exact staging criteria utilised for each cancer type differs from one another. According to the National Cancer Institute, the following are the common factors included in most staging systems:

The location of the main tumour

Tumor size and number of tumours are important factors to consider

Involvement of lymph nodes (spread of cancer into lymph nodes)

Cell type and tumour grade are important considerations (how closely the cancer cells resemble normal tissue cells)

The presence or absence of metastases is determined by a biopsy.

But there are two major techniques that serve as the foundation for more specialised or individual cancer type staging, and they are as follows: When it comes to solid tumours, the TMN staging technique is utilised almost exclusively, while the Roman numeral or stage grouping method is employed by certain physicians and researchers on almost all cancer types.

The TNM method classifies tumours according to the size of the tumour (T), the degree of tumour spread to the lymph nodes (N), and the existence of distant metastasis (M) on the body surface (M). Each letter has a number appended to it to show the size or extent of the original tumour as well as the degree of the cancer's dissemination (higher number means bigger tumour or more spread).

According to the National Cancer Institute, the TNM staging method is as follows:

Tumor in the primary position (T)

TX - It is not possible to assess the primary tumour.

T0 indicates that there is no indication of a primary tumour.

Carcinoma in situ is a term used to describe a carcinoma that has developed in a specific location (CIS; abnormal cells are present but have not spread to neighbouring tissue; although not cancer, Carcinoma in situ may become cancer and is sometimes called pre-invasive cancer)

the size and/or extent of the main tumour is represented by the letters T1, T2, T3, and T4.

lymph nodes in the regional lymph nodes (N)

NX - It is not possible to assess regional lymph nodes.

N0 - There is no involvement of regional lymph nodes.

Affected lymph nodes in the area (number of lymph nodes and/or amount of dissemination) are classified as N1, N2, and N3.

Metastasis that has spread far and wide (M)

MX - The presence of distant metastases cannot be determined (some clinicians do not ever use this designation)

M0 - There are no distant metastases.

M1 - There is evidence of distant metastases.

As a result, a person's cancer might be classified as T1N2M0, which indicates that it is a tiny tumour (T1) that has migrated to some regional lymph nodes (N2) but has not progressed to distant sites (M0) (M0).

In situ: Abnormal cells are only found in the layer of cells in where they first appeared; they are not found elsewhere.

Cancer that has been localised means that it has been contained to the organ in which it started and has not spread.

Regional cancer refers to cancer that has progressed beyond the original location to lymph nodes, organs, and tissues in the surrounding area.

Cancer that has progressed from the original site to distant organs or distant lymph nodes is referred to as distant cancer.

unknown: The stage cannot be determined since there is not enough information available.

The staging of cancer is important because it aids the physician in determining the most effective therapeutic protocols for the patient, provides a basis for estimating the patient's prognosis (outcome), and serves as a system for communicating the patient's condition to other health professionals who become involved in the patient's care.

What cancer therapy alternatives are available?

2nd Round of Readers' Comments Tell Us About Your Experience

Cancer therapy is determined by the kind of cancer and the stage at which it is discovered. When the surgeon removes the tissue for biopsy, it is possible that the cancer may be completely removed, allowing for diagnosis and treatment to occur at the same time in certain patients.

Even while each cancer patient receives a customised sequential treatment plan, or protocol, for their cancer, the majority of treatments include one or more of the following components: surgery, chemotherapy (including targeted therapies), radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments (a combination of two or all three treatments).

Individuals get a variety of cancer therapies that are tailored to their needs. Patients with malignancies that cannot be cured (fully eliminated) by surgery are often treated with a combination of drugs, the composition of which is dictated by the kind and stage of the disease.

Similarly, to the therapies mentioned above, palliative therapy (medical care or treatment used to relieve illness symptoms but which is unable to cure the patient) makes use of the same treatments described above. It is done with the goal of extending and improving the quality of life of cancer patients who are nearing the end of their lives. There are many additional palliative therapies available to alleviate symptoms, including as pain relievers and nausea-reducing medicines.

Sources:

https://www.cancer.org/

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer

https://www.medicinenet.com/cancer/article.htm

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20370588

https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types

Comments

  1. I was suffering HEPATITIS B for over 3 years, i was hopeless until one of my friend directed me to a herbal man Dr Chike on youtube, she said the Dr has herbal medicine/cure that cures HEPATITIS B also said the Dr has helped people with HIV/HERPES, CANCER, DIABETES, SHINGLES , HSV Chlamydia , Fever, Rashes , LIVER disease, FIBROIDS and STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, i never believed her but after a lot of talk, i decided to contact him, just few days ago i contacted him and he told me what to do which i did and he sent to me a herbal medicine via {DHL} with prescriptions on how i will take it for a period of days. After i finished taking the medicine for 2 weeks he told me to go for a test which i also did and when the result came out i was surprised to see that i am negative. I am proud to tell you that I am the happiest person on earth. Big thanks to Dr Chike herbs/cure.. I pray you find a solution in him. For more information on how to get cured contact him on text via: +1 (719) 629 0982 or Facebook page @ Dr Chike Herbal Remedy. Add him up on Whats-App +2333502715551

    ReplyDelete
  2. What is Cancer Screening?

    Screening is a set of simple tests performed to diagnose a disease of a person with no symptoms. When it comes to cancer screening, everyone should do the screening once a year. Before we deep dive into this, let's see what cancer screen means, the benefits of cancer screening, and the types of cancer screening.

    Importance of Cancer Screening

    Early diagnosis of cancer increases the chances of successful treatment and fast recovery. Therefore, cancer screening becomes an important part of the overall healthcare checkups. Also, it is consider as the most effective way to prevent cancer by detecting the disease at an early stage. Early detection of cancer even before the disease starts manifesting itself in the form of symptoms will help in the cancer treatment.

    Benefits of cancer screening


    • Cancer screening makes cancer diagnosis and treatment easier and more effective as it detects the presence of cancer before it spreads throughout the body.
    • The sooner the presence of cancer is detected, the higher the chances of a person surviving.
    • Early detection means less treatment, less cost, and less use of chemicals and light therapy.
    • Early detection of cancer means identifying the problem before a person suffers from the symptoms of the disease manifesting in the body.

    There are several different types of cancer screening tests. These include the following:

    Laboratory tests: Cancer screening Blood tests and oral cancer screening tests are a variety of laboratory tests available for early detection and screening of cancer. These laboratory tests include the following:
    • Urine
    • Tissue
    • Hormonal Imbalance

    Physical exam and history analysis: A thorough general examination of the body, as well as an analysis of the individual's medical history and the family's genetic history of the particular disease, can help practitioners predict the onset of cancer in a person's body. A normal cancer screening test involves finding something that looks lumpy or abnormal.

    Genetic tests: Genetic tests are tests performed to detect genetic mutations or changes in the body that indicate the manifestation of certain types of cancer.

    Imaging procedures: Some imaging procedures can also be performed as part of cancer screening tests to obtain photographs of the interior of the body for further analysis.

    Thus cancer screening is an important aspect of health checkups. This helps in cancer diagnosis and treatment which leads to better recovery.

    ReplyDelete
  3. In my early 19s I was diagnosed of HERPES VIRUS 2 and I was sadden by the situation and so I kept on searching for a way to rid the virus but all my effort was to no avail, I almost gave in to the no cure attitude but at that frustrated time, I stumbled on a post like this about a doctor who have cure for different STDs/STIs and his email was given so I decided to give him a try still on a broken heart but he assured me that my virus will be gone only if I key in to his instructions which I did diligently because I was tired of suffering, To my greatest amusement, I began to see no symptoms of the virus within two(2) weeks of using the herbal concoction that was given to me by this great man, After a month and two weeks of treatment I decided to go for check up and for God so kind, there was no trace of the virus as I was tested negative of the virus, I also went for virus STDs test and all came out negative, To me it was a miracle and so I choose to share his contact so that through him others suffering from similar problem will be free, here is his email: droyamasolutiontemple@gmail.com, or WhatsApp number +2348108264684 also has the cure for HPV,CANCER,HPV,HIV/AIDS Thanks for taking time to read to the end.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Now! I'm finally free from the damn shit! Cancer. I can't just believe I'm totally cured at last! If you have never try natural herbs products this is what you, im recommended you to drubarlo here. and don't be deceive by people who choose to say the truth, that cancer don't have a cure meet him here Email drubarlohome@gmail.com OR add on whatsapp +2348119508814

    ReplyDelete
  5. Industrial Instrument Manufacturers India | Instrumentation | Fluid Controls Private Limited

    Fluid Controls is system certified with ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 & ISO 18001:2018 and PED. We have design approvals for our product range from ABS and TUV and a wide range of product performance certifications and approvals.

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Learn About Cancer

Cancer Facts